Hindu Mataram Kingdom 

This kingdom it’s a very fertile. This could be proven with a lot of archaelogical site. They creation the constructions of several temples, like Prambanan, Borobudur, Candi Sewu, etc. Beside temples, they build agriculture system and cultures. This kingdom had adopted the Hindu faith and culture.

Until now, this system have been seen. At central java rural, agriculuture and fishery still directive with astronomy. Woven product, batik, wayang or gamelan still now present and has become Indonesia trend mark.

King Sanna and Sanjaya also known in Carita Parahyangan, a book from later period which mainly tell the history of Pasundan (Sunda Kingdom). This book mentioned that Sanna was defeated by Purbasora, king of Galuh, then he retreated to mount Merapi. Later Sanna’s successor Sanjaya reclaim Sanna’s kingdom and ruled West Java, East Java, and Bali. He also involved in battle with Malayu and Keling (against their king Sang Srivijaya). In main theme of Carita Parahyangan is corresponds to Canggal inscription.

At certain point of the time, the centre of the kingdom was shifted from Central Java to East Java by Mpu Sindok, who established the Isyana Dynasty. The exact cause of move of location still uncertain. However probably have been caused by an eruption of the volcano Gunung Merapi or a power struggle. The later king Dharmawangsa ordered the translation of the Mahabharata into Old Javanese in 996.

List of rulers

Majapahit Empire

Majapahit was an Indianized kingdom based in eastern Java from 1293 to around 1500. Its greatest ruler was Hayam Wuruk, whose reign from 1350 to 1389 marked the empire’s peak when it dominated other kingdoms in the southern Malay Peninsula, Borneo, Sumatra, Bali, and the Philippines.

The Majapahit empire was the last of the major Hindu empires of the Malay archipelago and is considered one of the greatest states in Indonesian history.[2] Its influence extended to states on Sumatra, the Malay Peninsula, Borneo and eastern Indonesia, though the extent of its influence is the subject of debate.[3]

The Majapahit Empire has be founding by Wijaya with its capital at Trowulan (nearby Surabaya). Majapahit (1294-1400) isthe most powerful Indonesian Kingdom and reached its golden peak under the king Hayam Wuruk (1350) with his brilliant prime minister Gajah Mada. At that time Majapahit kingdom embraced almost the entire territory of what is now Indonesia.

Gadjah Mada is prime minister of the Majapahit empire and a national hero in Indonesia. Born a commoner, Gajah Mada rose to power on his intelligence, courage, and loyalty to King Jayanagara (r. 1309 – 28), whom he restored to power after an insurrection. His feelings for the king changed when the latter took possession of his wife, and he subsequently had the king killed. During the reigns of Jayanagara’s daughter Tribhuvana and grandson Hayam Wuruk (r. 1350 – 89), Gajah Mada was the most powerful figure in Majapahit, conquering territories that may have included the entire Indonesian archipelago and part of Malaysia. A law book that had great significance in Javanese history was compiled under his instructions, and the principal poet of the era, Prapancha (fl. 14th century), eulogized Gajah Mada (his patron) in Nagarakrtagama, the epic of Majapahit.

Gajah Mada was famous with his Palapa Oath. He swore that he would never consume spices (palapa) before he could unite the whole Indonesia archipelago under the Majapahit’s power. For honour of Gadjah Mada, The first Indonesian satellite communication devices were named ‘ Palapa ‘.

Demak Kingdom (Central Java) 

After the collapse of Majapahit, the power center had shifted to Demak (30 km) east of Semarang - Central Java. The Sultanate of Demak was Muslim state located on Java’s north coast in Indonesia, at the site of the present day city of Demak. A port fief thought to have been founded in the last quarter of the fifteenth century, it was influenced by Islam brought by Arab and Gujarat traders. The sultanate played an important role in the establishment of Islam in Indonesia; the new religion’s influence manifest by the Great Demak Mosque reportedly built by the Wali Songo (the ‘Nine Saints’). It marked by the beginning of the rise of Islam in Java.

After the fall of Majapahit sometimes in 1478 AD, some of the people who did not agree with Demak Kingdom, fled to Bali and around the mountain Bromo (Tengger) and kept their faith to present date.

The first king was Raden Patah, his father was a king of Majapahit who married his Je’ampa Moslem mother. The second king was Patiunus, the third was Sultan Trenggono.

Demak with the famous and legendary Wali Songo (the nine Islamic leaders) went forward with Islamization. Wali Sanga were nine Muslim saints who introduced Islam into Java, Indonesia, in the 1400’s. Wali is Javanese for saint and sanga means nine. Most of the Wali Sanga were given the title sunan (ruler), followed by the name of the place where they lived and were buried.

Others claim that five of them are Chinese people or Chinese descents, they are: Sunan Ampel (with Chinese name Bong Swi Ho), Sunan Bonang (Ampel’s son, Bong Ang), Sunan Kalijaga (Gan Si Cang), Sunan Gunungjati, and Sunan Giri.

Islam became the official religion of the kingdom and provided new social and moral codes, at the same time Javanese philosophy and tradition continued.

Now, Demak Regency has high potency of maritime tourism. It has 35 long of the beach facing northwest and not so far from The Capital of Central Java Province. It is just 10 km far away from Semarang and 3 km next to state road that make this location is prospective for investment.
Demak Regency is famous as Wali City that present cultural-history-religious tourism as Demak Great Mosque, Sunan Kalijaga Tomb and others that supports the growth of maritime tourism. The close access to Semarang make the package of culturalhistory- religious-nature/maritime-and-technology.

The Pajang Kingdom 

The son in law, of Trenggono the last king of Demak, Joko Tingkir had moved the power center to Pajang (10 km west of Solo) sometimes around 1540 AD.
Joko Tingkir (the boy from the village of Tingkir), became the ruler as Sultan Hadiwijoyo.

Between 1568-1586 in middle part of Java Island existed Pajang Monarch that commanded by Sultan Hadiwijaya, who were in his youth famous as Jaka Tingkir. On the way against Adipati Jipang named Arya Panangsang, he won the war that supported by war commander e.l. Ki Ageng Pemana- han and his son Bagus Sutawijaya. He was ngabehi, who lived on north side of the market. So he called Ngabehi Loring Pasar. For their gratituded (Ki Ageng Pemanahan and his son), Sultan Pajang gave them a land named Bumi Mantaok that consist of wild forest. They developed the land become “Tanah Perdikan”. After Pajang Monarch yielded ; Bagus Sutawijaya who also Sultan Pajang adopted son, built Mataram monarch over Bumi manataok and elected himself as a King little Panembahan Senopati.

One of his son from his marriage with Retno Dumilah, daughter of Adipati Madiun commanded Mataram monarch as the third King and title Sultan Agung Hanyokrokusumo. he was real patriot well known with his fight to take back Batavia city now name jakarta, from the antority of VOC. a Dutch trade organization. Time went by, affair was changing.

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